Problem & Context
Infrared (IR) systems can serve as low-power, short-range beacons for tracking. This R&D effort explored using near-infrared (NIR) signaling as a uniquely identifiable beacon that could be distinguished from background IR or thermal sources. The goal was to create a small, efficient IR emitter module capable of producing a recognizable signal pattern visible from long distances and multiple viewing angles.
Scope of Work
- Designed multiple iterations of a compact NIR circuit and control board within tight size and power constraints.
- Implemented a custom pulse-pattern signal to differentiate the beacon from ambient or other artificial sources.
- Developed a dual-board system separating logic/control circuitry from the high-current IR LED array for module testing.
- Integrated an external Li-Po battery and charge controller into the design, supporting both standalone and USB-powered operation.
Technical Approach
Created schematic and PCB layouts in KiCAD, iterating through several mechanical and electrical designs to optimized heat dissipation, trace width, and LED placement for viewing angle coverage.
Programmed an ATTIny85 in Arduino IDE to generate a preside pulse train controlling MOSFET driver circuit powering the IR LED array.
Used PWM-based modulation to define the unique IR pulse signature, achieving controllable flash frequency and duty cycle for brightness vs power trade-off.
Employed a multi-board design – one control board hosting the MCU, charger, and battery connector, and one emitter board populated with the LED array for flexible orientation and scaling.
Technical diagram or schematic would be displayed here
Results
Project results visualization
Successfully produced a working prototype generating a stable, distinguishable IR pulsing pattern visible over significant distance.
Validated the design’s modular architecture: control logic, emitter, and power systems performed reliably under various configurations.
Ongoing testing focuses on brightness optimization (single-LED vs LED-array configurations) and evaluating optical collimating lenses to increase range and angular visibility.
Demonstrated that inexpensive, low power MCUs can effectively drive customized beacon behavior for sensing or identification systems.